本文在介紹如何更加便捷地完成云服務器的釋放以及彈性設置的基礎上，重點探討了其具體步驟，本文內容緊湊，希望大家可以有所收獲。
彈性釋放 ECS 實例
本文將涉及到幾個重要功能和相關API:
釋放按量付費的云服務器
設置按量付費實例的自動釋放時間
停止服務器
查詢實例列表
釋放后，實例所使用的物理資源將被回收，包括磁盤及快照，相關數據將全部丟失且永久不可恢復。如果您還想繼續使用相關的數據，建議您釋放云服務器之前一定要對磁盤數據做快照，下次創建 ECS 時可以直接通過快照創建資源。
釋放云服務器
釋放服務器，首先要求您的服務器處于停止狀態。當服務器停止后，若影響到應用，您可以將服務器重新啟動。
停止云服務器
停止服務器的指令非常簡單，且對于按量付費和包年包月都是一樣的。停止云服務器的一個參數是 ForceStop，若屬性設置為 true，它將類似于斷電，直接停止服務器，但不承諾數據能寫到磁盤中。如果僅僅為了釋放服務器，這個可以設置為 true。
def?stop_instance(instance_id,?force_stop=False): ????''' ????stop?one?ecs?instance. ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:param?force_stop:?if?force?stop?is?true,?it?will?force?stop?the?server?and?not?ensure?the?data ????write?to?disk?correctly. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?StopInstanceRequest() ????request.set_InstanceId(instance_id) ????request.set_ForceStop(force_stop) ????logging.info("Stop?%s?command?submit?successfully.",?instance_id) ????_send_request(request)
釋放云服務器
如果您沒有停止服務器直接執行釋放，可能會有如下報錯：
{"RequestId":"3C6DEAB4-7207-411F-9A31-6ADE54C268BE","HostId": "ecs-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com","Code":"IncorrectInstanceStatus","Message":" The?current?status?of?the?resource?does?not?support?this?operation."}
當服務器處于Stopped狀態時，您可以執行釋放服務器。釋放服務器的方法比較簡單，參數如下：
InstanceId: 實例的 ID
force: 如果將這個參數設置為 true，將會執行強制釋放。即使云服務器不是Stopped狀態也可以釋放。執行的時候請務必小心，以防錯誤釋放影響您的業務。
釋放云服務器的Request如下：
def?release_instance(instance_id,?force=False): ????''' ????delete?instance?according?instance?id,?only?support?after?pay?instance. ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:param?force: ????if?force?is?false,?you?need?to?make?the?ecs?instance?stopped,?you?can ????execute?the?delete?action. ????If?force?is?true,?you?can?delete?the?instance?even?the?instance?is?running. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?DeleteInstanceRequest(); ????request.set_InstanceId(instance_id) ????request.set_Force(force) ????_send_request(request)
釋放云服務器成功的 Response 如下：
{"RequestId":"689E5813-D150-4664-AF6F-2A27BB4986A3"}
設置云服務器的自動釋放時間
為了更加簡化對云服務器的管理，您可以自定義云服務器的釋放時間。當定時時間到后，阿里云將自動為您完成服務器的釋放, 無需手動執行釋放。
注意：自動釋放時間按照 ISO8601 標準表示，并需要使用 UTC 時間。 格式為：yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ。 如果秒不是 00，則自動取為當前分鐘開始時。自動釋放的時間范圍：當前時間后 30 分鐘 ~ 當前時間起 3 年。
def?set_instance_auto_release_time(instance_id,?time_to_release?=?None): ????''' ????setting?instance?auto?delete?time ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:param?time_to_release:?if?the?property?is?setting,?such?as?'2017-01-30T00:00:00Z' ????it?means?setting?the?instance?to?be?release?at?that?time. ????if?the?property?is?None,?it?means?cancel?the?auto?delete?time. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest() ????request.set_InstanceId(instance_id) ????if?time_to_release?is?not?None: ????????request.set_AutoReleaseTime(time_to_release) ????_send_request(request)
執行 set_instance_auto_release_time(‘i-1111’, ‘2017-01-30T00:00:00Z’) 后完成設置。
執行設置成功后，您可以通過DescribeInstances來查詢自動釋放的時間設置。
def?describe_instance_detail(instance_id): ????''' ????describe?instance?detail ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?DescribeInstancesRequest() ????request.set_InstanceIds(json.dumps([instance_id])) ????response?=?_send_request(request) ????if?response?is?not?None: ????????instance_list?=?response.get('Instances').get('Instance') ????????if?len(instance_list)?>?0: ????????????return?instance_list[0] def?check_auto_release_time_ready(instance_id): ????detail?=?describe_instance_detail(instance_id=instance_id) ????if?detail?is?not?None: ????????release_time?=?detail.get('AutoReleaseTime') ????????return?release_time
取消自動釋放設置
如果您的業務有變化，需要取消自動釋放設置。只需執行命令將自動釋放時間設置為空即可。
set_instance_auto_release_time('i-1111')
完整代碼如下:
注意：釋放云服務器需謹慎。
#??coding=utf-8 #?if?the?python?sdk?is?not?install?using?'sudo?pip?install?aliyun-python-sdk-ecs' #?if?the?python?sdk?is?install?using?'sudo?pip?install?--upgrade?aliyun-python-sdk-ecs' #?make?sure?the?sdk?version?is?2.1.2,?you?can?use?command?'pip?show?aliyun-python-sdk-ecs'?to?check import?json import?logging from?aliyunsdkcore?import?client from?aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DeleteInstanceRequest?import?DeleteInstanceRequest from?aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DescribeInstancesRequest?import?DescribeInstancesRequest from?aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest?import? ????ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest from?aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.StopInstanceRequest?import?StopInstanceRequest #?configuration?the?log?output?formatter,?if?you?want?to?save?the?output?to?file, #?append?",filename='ecs_invoke.log'"?after?datefmt. logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, ????????????????????format='%(asctime)s?%(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d]?%(levelname)s?%(message)s', ????????????????????datefmt='%a,?%d?%b?%Y?%H:%M:%S') clt?=?client.AcsClient('Your?Access?Key?Id',?'Your?Access?Key?Secrect',?'cn-beijing') def?stop_instance(instance_id,?force_stop=False): ????''' ????stop?one?ecs?instance. ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:param?force_stop:?if?force?stop?is?true,?it?will?force?stop?the?server?and?not?ensure?the?data ????write?to?disk?correctly. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?StopInstanceRequest() ????request.set_InstanceId(instance_id) ????request.set_ForceStop(force_stop) ????logging.info("Stop?%s?command?submit?successfully.",?instance_id) ????_send_request(request) def?describe_instance_detail(instance_id): ????''' ????describe?instance?detail ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?DescribeInstancesRequest() ????request.set_InstanceIds(json.dumps([instance_id])) ????response?=?_send_request(request) ????if?response?is?not?None: ????????instance_list?=?response.get('Instances').get('Instance') ????????if?len(instance_list)?>?0: ????????????return?instance_list[0] def?check_auto_release_time_ready(instance_id): ????detail?=?describe_instance_detail(instance_id=instance_id) ????if?detail?is?not?None: ????????release_time?=?detail.get('AutoReleaseTime') ????????return?release_time def?release_instance(instance_id,?force=False): ????''' ????delete?instance?according?instance?id,?only?support?after?pay?instance. ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:param?force: ????if?force?is?false,?you?need?to?make?the?ecs?instance?stopped,?you?can ????execute?the?delete?action. ????If?force?is?true,?you?can?delete?the?instance?even?the?instance?is?running. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?DeleteInstanceRequest(); ????request.set_InstanceId(instance_id) ????request.set_Force(force) ????_send_request(request) def?set_instance_auto_release_time(instance_id,?time_to_release?=?None): ????''' ????setting?instance?auto?delete?time ????:param?instance_id:?instance?id?of?the?ecs?instance,?like?'i-***'. ????:param?time_to_release:?if?the?property?is?setting,?such?as?'2017-01-30T00:00:00Z' ????it?means?setting?the?instance?to?be?release?at?that?time. ????if?the?property?is?None,?it?means?cancel?the?auto?delete?time. ????:return: ????''' ????request?=?ModifyInstanceAutoReleaseTimeRequest() ????request.set_InstanceId(instance_id) ????if?time_to_release?is?not?None: ????????request.set_AutoReleaseTime(time_to_release) ????_send_request(request) ????release_time?=?check_auto_release_time_ready(instance_id) ????logging.info("Check?instance?%s?auto?release?time?setting?is?%s.?",?instance_id,?release_time) def?_send_request(request): ????''' ????send?open?api?request ????:param?request: ????:return: ????''' ????request.set_accept_format('json') ????try: ????????response_str?=?clt.do_action(request) ????????logging.info(response_str) ????????response_detail?=?json.loads(response_str) ????????return?response_detail ????except?Exception?as?e: ????????logging.error(e) if?__name__?==?'__main__': ????logging.info("Release?ecs?instance?by?Aliyun?OpenApi!") ????set_instance_auto_release_time('i-1111',?'2017-01-28T06:00:00Z') ????#?set_instance_auto_release_time('i-1111') ????#?stop_instance('i-1111') ????#?release_instance('i-1111') ????#?release_instance('i-1111',?True)
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