MySQL分區字段列有必要再單獨建索引嗎?

大家都知道對于分區字段必須是主鍵的一部分,那么建了復合主鍵之后,是否需要對分許字段再單獨添加一個索引呢?有沒有效果?本文主要給大家介紹了關于mysql分區字段列是否有必要再單獨建索引的相關資料,文中通過示例進行了驗證,對大家的理解和學習具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習學習吧。

1、新建表effect_new(以創建時間按月分區)

CREATE TABLE `effect_new` (   `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,   `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',   `timezone` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,   `date` varchar(10) NOT NULL,   `hour` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,   `position` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,   `country` varchar(32) NOT NULL,   `create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01 00:00:00',   PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`create_time`),   KEY `index_date_hour_coun` (`date`,`hour`,`country`)  ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=983041 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8  PARTITION BY RANGE (TO_DAYS (`create_time`))  (PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (736754) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (736785) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (736815) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (736846) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (736876) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (736907) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (736938) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (736968) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (736999) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (737029) ENGINE = InnoDB,   PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN (737060) ENGINE = InnoDB);

2、插入部分數據數據,

INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('1', '0', 'GMT+8', '2017-07-01', '', 'M-NotiCleanFull-FamilyRecom-0026', '', '2017-07-02 00:07:02');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('2', '1', 'GMT+8', '2017-09-30', '23', 'Ma5dtJub', 'EG', '2017-10-01 00:00:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('3', '1', 'GMT+8', '2017-09-10', '10', '28', 'DZ', '2017-09-11 00:08:20');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('4', '1', 'GMT+8', '2017-02-03', '20', '32', 'AD', '2017-02-04 00:00:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('5', '0', 'GMT+8', '2017-03-05', '2', NULL, 'AI', '2017-03-06 02:10:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('6', '0', 'GMT+8', '2017-09-23', '13', 'M-BrandSplash-S-0038', 'AG', '2017-09-23 13:00:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('7', '1', NULL, '2017-10-13', '12', 'BB-Main-AppAd-0018', 'AF', '2017-10-14 12:00:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('8', '0', 'GMT+8', '2017-10-28', '2', 'M-ChargeReminder-S-0040', 'AE', '2017-10-29 00:00:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('9', '1', 'GMT+8', '2017-10-09', NULL, '30', 'AI', '2017-10-10 00:09:00');  INSERT INTO `effect_new` (`id`, `type`, `timezone`, `date`, `hour`, `position`, `country`, `create_time`) VALUES ('10', '0', 'GMT+8', '2017-10-05', '5', ' M-BrandSplash', 'LA', '2017-10-06 05:10:00');

3、分析語句

EXPLAIN PARTITIONS  select * from effect_new_index  where create_time = '2017-10-14 12:00:00'

結果為:

id select_type table partitions tpye possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered extra
1 SIMPLE effect_new p8 ALL null null null null 391515 10 Using where

4、給表effect_new添加索引idx_ctime

5、分析添加索引后的執行計劃

結果為:

id select_type table partitions tpye possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered extra
1 SIMPLE effect_new p8 ref idx_ctime idx_ctime 5 const 60760 100 null

6、結論:

雖然表已經根據此字段分區,但這不能等同于索引。分了區,只能說該字段為某個值的記錄會在某個分區里面,但不是索引,還要一頓好找。

有時候,主鍵不等于分區依據列,這時候主鍵又想建聚集索引的話,那么必須包含分區依據列,搞成復合主鍵。那么,這種情況下,分區依據列不就有索引了嗎?是的,可是它不夠快,如果在這個復合索引里面,分區依據列不排在第一位,就不夠快,如果查找語句里常常用分區依據列作為過濾條件,就有必要為分區依據列額外單獨建立一個索引。

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