mysql日志:
主要包含:錯誤日志、查詢日志、慢查詢日志、事務日志、二進制日志;
日志是mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的重要組成部分。日志文件中記錄著mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫運行期間發(fā)生的變化;也就是說用來記錄mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的客戶端連接狀況、SQL語句的執(zhí)行情況和錯誤信息等。當數(shù)據(jù)庫遭到意外的損壞時,可以通過日志查看文件出錯的原因,并且可以通過日志文件進行數(shù)據(jù)恢復。
錯誤日志
在mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中,錯誤日志功能是默認開啟的。并且,錯誤日志無法被禁止。默認情況下,錯誤日志存儲在mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)文件中。錯誤日志文件通常的名稱為hostname.err。其中,hostname表示服務器主機名。
錯誤日志信息可以自己進行配置的,錯誤日志所記錄的信息是可以通過log-error和log-warnings來定義的,其中l(wèi)og-err是定義是否啟用錯誤日志的功能和錯誤日志的存儲位置,log-warnings是定義是否將警告信息也定義至錯誤日志中。默認情況下錯誤日志大概記錄以下幾個方面的信息:服務器啟動和關閉過程中的信息(未必是錯誤信息,如mysql如何啟動InnoDB的表空間文件的、如何初始化自己的存儲引擎的等等)、服務器運行過程中的錯誤信息、事件調度器運行一個事件時產生的信息、在從服務器上啟動服務器進程時產生的信息。
下面我們來定義mysql錯誤日志的功能:
一般而言,日志級別的定義沒有回話變量都只是在全局級別下進行定義。
mysql>?SHOW??GLOBAL?VARIABLES?LIKE?'%log%'; +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |??Variable_name????????????????????????????|?Value??????????????????????????????| +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |?back_log????????????????????????????????|?50????????????????????????????????| |??binlog_cache_size????????????????????????|?32768??????????????????????????????| |??binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates?|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |??binlog_format???????????????????????????|?MIXED?????????????????????????????| |??binlog_stmt_cache_size???????????????????|?32768??????????????????????????????| |??expire_logs_days?????????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |?general_log?????????????????????????????|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |??general_log_file?????????????????????????|?/mydata/data/stu18.log?????????????| |??innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit???????????|?1??????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog???????????|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_buffer_size???????????????????|?8388608????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_file_size?????????????????????|?5242880????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_files_in_group????????????????|?2??????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_group_home_dir????????????????|?./?????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_mirrored_log_groups???????????????|?1??????????????????????????????????| |?log?????????????????????????????????????|??OFF???????????????????????????????| |?log_bin?????????????????????????????????|?ON????????????????????????????????| |??log_bin_trust_function_creators??????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |?log_error???????????????????????????????|??/mydata/data/stu18.magedu.com.err?|定義錯誤日志 |?log_output??????????????????????????????|?FILE??????????????????????????????| |??log_queries_not_using_indexes????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??log_slave_updates????????????????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??log_slow_queries????????????????????????|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |??log_warnings?????????????????????????????|?1???????????????是否把警告信息寫入錯誤日志中 |??max_binlog_cache_size????????????????????|?18446744073709547520???????????????| |??max_binlog_size??????????????????????????|?1073741824?????????????????????????| |??max_binlog_stmt_cache_size???????????????|?18446744073709547520???????????????| |??max_relay_log_size???????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |?relay_log???????????????????????????????|???????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_index??????????????????????????|????????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_info_file??????????????????????|?relay-log.info?????????????????????| |??relay_log_purge??????????????????????????|?ON?????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_recovery???????????????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_space_limit????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |??slow_query_log???????????????????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |?slow_query_log_file?????????????????????|??/mydata/data/stu18-slow.log???????| |?sql_log_bin?????????????????????????????|?ON????????????????????????????????| |?sql_log_off?????????????????????????????|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |?sync_binlog?????????????????????????????|?0?????????????????????????????????| |??sync_relay_log???????????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |??sync_relay_log_info??????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????|
其中,log_error可以直接定義為文件路徑,也可以為ON|OFF;log_warings只能使用1|0來定義開關啟動。
更改錯誤日志位置可以使用log_error來設置形式如下:
[root@stu18?data]#??vim?/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] Log_error=DIR/[filename]
解析:其中,DIR參數(shù)指定錯誤日志的路徑filename參數(shù)是錯誤日志的名稱,沒有指定該參數(shù)時默認為主機名。重啟mysql服務器即可生效。
查看mysql錯誤日志:
[root@stu18?data]#??tail?-20?stu18.magedu.com.err 130813??15:30:50??InnoDB:?Starting?shutdown... 130813??15:30:51??InnoDB:?Shutdown?completed;??log?sequence?number?1630920 130813?15:30:51??[Note]?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld:?Shutdown?complete 130813?15:30:52??mysqld_safe?mysqld?from?pid?file?/mydata/data/stu18.magedu.com.pid?ended 130813?15:30:53??mysqld_safe?Starting?mysqld?daemon?with?databases?from?/mydata/data 130813?15:30:54??InnoDB:?The?InnoDB?memory?heap?is?disabled?????#禁用了InnoDB?memory的堆功能。 130813?15:30:54??InnoDB:?Mutexes?and?rw_locks?use?GCC?atomic?builtins?#Mutexes(互斥量)和rw_locks(行級鎖)是GCC編譯的是InnoDB內置的。 130813?15:30:54??InnoDB:?Compressed?tables?use?zlib?1.2.3?????#默認壓縮工具是zlib 130813?15:30:55??InnoDB:?Initializing?buffer?pool,?size?=?128.0M????#InnoDB引擎的緩沖池(buffer?pool)的值大小 130813?15:30:55??InnoDB:?Completed?initialization?of?buffer?pool 130813?15:30:55??InnoDB:?highest?supported?file?format?is?Barracuda. 130813??15:30:57??InnoDB:?Waiting?for?the??background?threads?to?start 130813?15:30:58??InnoDB:?5.5.33?started;?log?sequence?number?1630920 130813?15:30:58??[Note]?Server?hostname?(bind-address):?'0.0.0.0';?port:?3306 130813?15:30:58??[Note]???-?'0.0.0.0'?resolves?to??'0.0.0.0';??#0.0.0.0會反解主機名,這里反解失敗 130813?15:30:58??[Note]?Server?socket?created?on?IP:?'0.0.0.0'. 130813?15:30:58??[Note]?Event?Scheduler:?Loaded?0?events????#事件調度器沒有任何事件,因為沒有裝載。 130813?15:30:58??[Note]?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld:?ready?for?connections.?#mysql啟動完成等待客戶端的請求。 Version:??'5.5.33-log'??socket:??'/tmp/mysql.sock'??port:?3306??Source?distribution??#創(chuàng)建一個本地sock用于本地連接。
刪除錯誤日志:
在mysql5.5.7之前:數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員可以刪除很長時間之前的錯誤日志,以保證mysql服務器上的硬盤空間。mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中,可以使用mysqladmin命令開啟新的錯誤日志。mysqladmin命令的語法如下:mysqladmin –u root –pflush-logs也可以使用登錄mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中使用FLUSHLOGS語句來開啟新的錯誤日志。
在mysql5.5.7之后:服務器將關閉此項功能。只能使用重命名原來的錯誤日志文件,手動沖洗日志創(chuàng)建一個新的:方式如下:
[root@stu18?data]#?mv?stu18.magedu.com.err??stu18.magedu.com.err.old ?[root@stu18?data]#??mysqladmin?flush-logs [root@stu18?data]#?ls hellodb??myclass??mysql-bin.000003??mysql-bin.index???????????stu18.magedu.com.pid?????ibdata1??????mysql?????mysql-bin.000004??performance_schema????ib_logfile0??mysql-bin.000001??stu18.magedu.com.err???????????test???ib_logfile1??mysql-bin.000002??stu18.magedu.com.err.old
更多信息請查閱官方文檔:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-log.html
查詢日志:
默認情況下查詢日志是關閉的。由于查詢日志會記錄用戶的所有操作,其中還包含增刪查改等信息,在并發(fā)操作大的環(huán)境下會產生大量的信息從而導致不必要的磁盤IO,會影響mysql的性能的。如若不是為了調試數(shù)據(jù)庫的目的建議不要開啟查詢日志。
查看查詢日志是否開啟:
mysql>?SHOW??GLOBAL?VARIABLES?LIKE?'%log%'; +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |??Variable_name????????????????????????????|?Value??????????????????????????????| +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |?back_log????????????????????????????????|?50????????????????????????????????| |??binlog_cache_size????????????????????????|?32768??????????????????????????????| |??binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates?|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |??binlog_format???????????????????????????|?MIXED?????????????????????????????| |??binlog_stmt_cache_size???????????????????|?32768??????????????????????????????| |??expire_logs_days?????????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |?general_log?????????????????????????????|?OFF????????#定義查詢日志是否開啟??|??????????????????? |??general_log_file?????????????????????????|?/mydata/data/stu18.log???#定義查詢日志的文件地址名稱??????????????????????????| |??innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit???????????|?1??????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog???????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_buffer_size???????????????????|?8388608????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_file_size?????????????????????|?5242880????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_files_in_group???????????????|?2?????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_log_group_home_dir????????????????|?./?????????????????????????????????| |??innodb_mirrored_log_groups???????????????|?1??????????????????????????????????| |?log?????????????????????????????????????|??OFF??????????#是否開啟日志??(若開啟則表示開啟所有的日志功能)?????????????????| |?log_bin?????????????????????????????????|?ON????????????????????????????????| |??log_bin_trust_function_creators??????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |?log_error???????????????????????????????|?/mydata/data/stu18.magedu.com.err??| |?log_output??????????????????????????????|?FILE???#日志的輸出的位置??????????|??????? |??log_queries_not_using_indexes????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??log_slave_updates????????????????????????|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |??log_slow_queries?????????????????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??log_warnings?????????????????????????????|?1??????????????????????????????????| |??max_binlog_cache_size????????????????????|?18446744073709547520???????????????| |??max_binlog_size??????????????????????????|?1073741824?????????????????????????| |??max_binlog_stmt_cache_size???????????????|?18446744073709547520???????????????| |??max_relay_log_size???????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |?relay_log???????????????????????????????|???????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_index??????????????????????????|????????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_info_file??????????????????????|?relay-log.info?????????????????????| |??relay_log_purge?????????????????????????|?ON????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_recovery???????????????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??relay_log_space_limit????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |??slow_query_log???????????????????????????|?OFF????????????????????????????????| |??slow_query_log_file??????????????????????|?/mydata/data/stu18-slow.log????????| |?sql_log_bin?????????????????????????????|?ON????????????????????????????????| |?sql_log_off?????????????????????????????|?OFF???????????????????????????????| |?sync_binlog?????????????????????????????|?0?????????????????????????????????| |??sync_relay_log???????????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| |??sync_relay_log_info??????????????????????|?0??????????????????????????????????| +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 41?rows?in?set??(0.00?sec)
拓展解析:日志的輸出位置一般有三種方式:file(文件),table(表),none(不保存);其中前兩個輸出位置可以同時定義,none表示是開啟日志功能但是記錄日志信息。file就是通過general_log_file |/mydata/data/stu18.log 等方式定義的,而輸出位置定義為表時查看日志的內容方式為:
mysql>?use??mysql;????????????????????#在此數(shù)據(jù)庫中 Database?changed mysql>?show??tables; +---------------------------+ |??Tables_in_mysql???????????| +---------------------------+ |??columns_priv??????????????| |?db????????????????????????| |?event?????????????????????| |?func??????????????????????| |?general_log???????????????|??????#這個就是查詢日志的表輸出位置 |??help_category?????????????| |??help_keyword??????????????| |??help_relation?????????????| |?help_topic ………………????????????????| +---------------------------+
慢查詢日志:
慢查詢日志是用來記錄執(zhí)行時間超過指定時間的查詢語句。通過慢查詢日志,可以查找出哪些查詢語句的執(zhí)行效率很低,以便進行優(yōu)化。一般建議開啟,它對服務器性能的影響微乎其微,但是可以記錄mysql服務器上執(zhí)行了很長時間的查詢語句。可以幫助我們定位性能問題的。
查看慢查詢日志的定義:
mysql>?SHOW??GLOBAL?VARIABLES?LIKE?'%log%'; |??slow_query_log?????????|?OFF????#定義慢查詢日志的 |??slow_query_log_file????|/mydata/data/stu18-slow.log????#輸出方式為file(文件)時定義慢查詢日志的位置
啟動和設置慢查詢日志:
1、通過配置文件my.cnf中的log-slow-queries選項可以開啟慢查詢日志;形式如下:
[root@stu18?data]#??vim?/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] slow_query_log=1 log-slow-queries?[=??DIR/[filename]?]
其中,DIR參數(shù)指定慢查詢日志的存儲路徑;filename參數(shù)指定日志的文件名,生成日志文件的完成名稱為filename-slow.log。如果不指定存儲路徑,慢查詢日志默認存儲到mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)文件下,如果不指定文件名,默認文件名為hostname-slow.log。
2、通過登錄mysql服務器直接定義,方式如下:
首先要有全局權限;然后執(zhí)行mysql>set global slow_query_log=1;
時間默認超過多少的稱為慢查詢日志?
一般都是通過long_query_time選項來設置這個時間值,時間以秒為單位,可以精確到微秒。如果查詢時間超過了這個時間值(默認為10秒),這個查詢語句將被記錄到慢查詢日志中。查看服務器默認時間值方式如下:
mysql>?SHOW??GLOBAL?VARIABLES?LIKE?'long%'; +-----------------+-----------+ |??Variable_name???|?Value?????| +-----------------+-----------+ |?long_query_time??|?10.000000?| +-----------------+-----------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.04??sec)
注釋:其中這個慢查詢時間并不是只表示語句自身執(zhí)行超過10秒還包含由于其他資源被征用造成阻塞的查詢執(zhí)行時間或其他原因等都被記錄到慢查詢中。所以這個慢查的時長表示從查詢開始到查詢結束中間包含可能的任何原因所經歷的所有時間。
測試是否可以記錄日志:
mysql>?set?globalslow_query_log=1;???????#開啟慢查詢日志 Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.35?sec) mysql>?setsession?long_query_time=0.001;?????#更改時間(當前session中,退出則重置) Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.00?sec) mysql>?set?globallong_query_time=0.001;??????#更改時間(全局中,重啟服務則重置) mysql>?SHOWVARIABLES?LIKE?'long%';??????????#查詢定義時間 +-----------------+----------+ |?Variable_name???|?Value???| +-----------------+----------+ |?long_query_time?|0.001000?| +-----------------+----------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00sec) mysql>?showglobal?variables?like?"%slow%";??#查看慢查詢日志開啟狀態(tài) +---------------------+-----------------------------+ |?Variable_name???????|?Value???????????????????????| +---------------------+-----------------------------+ |log_slow_queries????|?ON??????????????????????????| |slow_launch_time????|?2???????????????????????????| |slow_query_log??????|?ON??????????????????????????| |slow_query_log_file?|?/mydata/data/stu18-slow.log?| +---------------------+-----------------------------+ 4?rows?in?set?(0.03sec)
查看慢查詢日志:
mysql>?use?mysql mysql>?selectuser,host,password?from?user?where?user="root"; +------+------------------+----------+ |?user?|?host?????????????|?password?| +------+------------------+----------+ |?root?|localhost????????|??????????| |?root?|stu18.magedu.com?|??????????| |?root?|127.0.0.1????????|??????????| |?root?|?::1??????????????|??????????| +------+------------------+----------+ 4?rows?in?set?(0.08sec)???????#查詢時間為0.08 mysql>?systemmore?/mydata/data/stu18_slow.log??????????#查詢慢查詢日志記錄信息 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld,Version:?5.5.33-log?(Source?distribution).?started with: Tcp?port:?3306??Unix?socket:?/tmp/mysql.sock Time?????????????????Id?Command????Argument >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>部分已省略>>>>>>>>>>>>>> #?Time:?13100723:46:33 #?User@Host:root[root]?@?localhost?[] #?Query_time:0.108459??Lock_time:?0.000216?Rows_sent:4??Rows_examined:?6 SETtimestamp=1381160793; selectuser,host,password?from?user?where?user="root";
事務日志:
事務日志(InnoDB特有的日志)可以幫助提高事務的效率。使用事務日志,存儲引擎在修改表的數(shù)據(jù)時只需要修改其內存拷貝,再把改修改行為記錄到持久在硬盤上的事務日志中,而不用每次都將修改的數(shù)據(jù)本身持久到磁盤。事務日志采用追加的方式,因此寫日志的操作是磁盤上一小塊區(qū)域內的順序I/O,而不像隨機I/O需要在磁盤的多個地方移動磁頭,所以采用事務日志的方式相對來說要快得多。事務日志持久以后,內存中被修改的數(shù)據(jù)在后臺可以慢慢的刷回到磁盤。目前大多數(shù)的存儲引擎都是這樣實現(xiàn)的,我們通常稱之為預寫式日志,修改數(shù)據(jù)需要寫兩次磁盤。
如果數(shù)據(jù)的修改已經記錄到事務日志并持久化,但數(shù)據(jù)本身還沒有寫回磁盤,此時系統(tǒng)崩潰,存儲引擎在重啟時能夠自動恢復這部分修改的數(shù)據(jù)。具有的恢復方式則視存儲引擎而定。
查看事務日志的定義:
mysql>?SHOWGLOBAL?VARIABLES?LIKE?'%log%'; +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |?Variable_name???????????????????????????|?Value?????????????????????????????| +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |?innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit??????????|?1????????#在事務提交時innodb是否同步日志從緩沖到文件中1表示事務以提交就同步不提交每隔一秒同步一次,性能會很差造成大量的磁盤I/O;定義為2表示只有在事務提交時才會同步但是可能會丟失整個事務??????| |innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog??????????|OFF???????????????????????????????| |?innodb_log_buffer_size??????????????????|?8388608???????????????????????????| |innodb_log_file_size????????????????????|5242880???????????????????????????| |?innodb_log_files_in_group???????????????|?2??????#至少有兩個????????????????| |innodb_log_group_home_dir???????????????|./??????#定義innodb事務日志組的位置???????| |innodb_mirrored_log_groups??????????????|1????#表示對日志組做鏡像??????????| 每個事務日志都是大小為5兆的文件: [root@stu18?data]#ls?-lh -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql?5.0M?Oct??7?23:36?ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql?5.0M?Aug?12?01:06?ib_logfile1
二進制日志:
二進制日志也叫作變更日志,主要用于記錄修改數(shù)據(jù)或有可能引起數(shù)據(jù)改變的mysql語句,并且記錄了語句發(fā)生時間、執(zhí)行時長、操作的數(shù)據(jù)等等。所以說通過二進制日志可以查詢mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中進行了哪些變化。一般大小體積上限為1G。
二進制開啟狀態(tài):
mysql>?showglobal?variables?like?"%log_bin%"; +---------------------------------+-------+ |?Variable_name???????????????????|?Value?| +---------------------------------+-------+ |?log_bin?????????????????????????|?ON????|??#已開啟 |log_bin_trust_function_creators?|?OFF???| |?sql_log_bin?????????????????????|?ON????| +---------------------------------+-------+
二進制日志相關的參數(shù):
mysql>?showglobal?variables?like?"%log%"; sql_log_bin?={ON|OFF}?????#用于控制會話級別二進制日志功能的開啟或關閉。默認為ON,表示啟用記錄功能。用戶可以在會話級別修改此變量的值,但其必須具有SUPER權限。 binlog_cache_size?=32768???#默認值32768?Binlog?Cache用于在打開了二進制日志(binlog)記錄功能的環(huán)境,是MySQL?用來提高binlog的記錄效率而設計的一個用于短時間內臨時緩存binlog數(shù)據(jù)的內存區(qū)域。一般來說,如果我們的數(shù)據(jù)庫中沒有什么大事務,寫入也不是特別頻繁,2MB~4MB是一個合適的選擇。但是如果我們的數(shù)據(jù)庫大事務較多,寫入量比較大,可與適當調高binlog_cache_size。同時,我們可以通過binlog_cache_use?以及?binlog_cache_disk_use來分析設置的binlog_cache_size是否足夠,是否有大量的binlog_cache由于內存大小不夠而使用臨時文件(binlog_cache_disk_use)來緩存了。 binlog_stmt_cache_size=?32768???????#當非事務語句使用二進制日志緩存,但是超出binlog_stmt_cache_size時,使用一個臨時文件來存放這些語句。 log_bin?=?mysql-bin#指定binlog的位置,默認在數(shù)據(jù)目錄下。 binlog-format=?{ROW|STATEMENT|MIXED}?????#指定二進制日志的類型,默認為MIXED。如果設定了二進制日志的格式,卻沒有啟用二進制日志,則MySQL啟動時會產生警告日志信息并記錄于錯誤日志中。 sync_binlog?=?10#設定多久同步一次二進制日志至磁盤文件中,0表示不同步,任何正數(shù)值都表示對二進制每多少次寫操作之后同步一次。當autocommit的值為1時,每條語句的執(zhí)行都會引起二進制日志同步,否則,每個事務的提交會引起二進制日志同步 max_binlog_cache_size=?{4096?..?18446744073709547520}??????#二進定日志緩存空間大小,5.5.9及以后的版本僅應用于事務緩存,其上限由max_binlog_stmt_cache_size決定。 max_binlog_stmt_cache_size=?{4096?..?18446744073709547520}????#二進定日志緩存空間大小,5.5.9及以后的版本僅應用于事務緩存 expire_log_days?={0..99}????#設定二進制日志的過期天數(shù),超出此天數(shù)的二進制日志文件將被自動刪除。默認為0,表示不啟用過期自動刪除功能。如果啟用此功能,自動刪除工作通常發(fā)生在MySQL啟動時或FLUSH日志時。
二進制日志定義方式:
-
其一、log_bin可以直接定義為文件路徑,也可以為ON|OFF。
-
其二、通過編輯my.cnf中的log-bin選項可以開啟二進制日志;形式如下:
[root@stu18?~]#my.cnf [mysqld] log-bin?[=DIR??[filename]]
其中,DIR參數(shù)指定二進制文件的存儲路徑;filename參數(shù)指定二級制文件的文件名,其形式為filename.number,number的形式為000001、000002等。每次重啟mysql服務或運行mysql> flush logs;都會生成一個新的二進制日志文件,這些日志文件的number會不斷地遞增。除了生成上述的文件外還會生成一個名為filename.index的文件。這個文件中存儲所有二進制日志文件的清單又稱為二進制文件的索引。
[root@stu18?~]#?cd?/mydata/data/ [root@stu18?data]#ls?-lh -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??14K?Aug?13?15:30?mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??150?Aug?13?17:05?mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??150?Aug?13?17:06?mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??150?Aug?13?17:07?mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??150?Aug?13?17:39?mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??126?Aug?13?19:03?mysql-bin.000006 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??126?Aug?13?19:03?mysql-bin.000007 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??126?Aug?13?19:05?mysql-bin.000008 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??107?Aug?13?19:05?mysql-bin.000009 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??353?Oct??7?23:40?mysql-bin.000010 -rw-rw----?1?mysqlmysql??190?Oct??7?20:43?mysql-bin.index [root@stu18?data]#cat?mysql-bin.index ./mysql-bin.000001 ./mysql-bin.000002 ./mysql-bin.000003 ./mysql-bin.000004 ./mysql-bin.000005 ./mysql-bin.000006 ./mysql-bin.000007 ./mysql-bin.000008 ./mysql-bin.000009 ./mysql-bin.000010
如果說我們向某個表的某個字段插入一個數(shù)據(jù)而這個數(shù)據(jù)為當前時間(日期時間型);過段時間將此二進制文件應用到另一臺服務器上數(shù)據(jù)就會變動從而導致數(shù)據(jù)的不一致性所以說對于這種非確定性的數(shù)據(jù)使用默認的語句定義并不是可靠的;
二進制日志中常用的定義格式:
-
1、語句(statement):默認的記錄格式;
-
2、行(row):定義的并非數(shù)據(jù)本身而是這一行的數(shù)據(jù)是什么;
-
3、混合模式(mixed):交替使用行和語句、由mysql服務器自行判斷。
其中基于行的定義格式數(shù)據(jù)量會大一些但是可以保證數(shù)據(jù)的精確性。
查看二進制日志:
二進制日志的定義方式為二進制格式;使用此格式可以存儲更多的信息,并且可以使寫入二進制日志的效率更高。但是不能直接使用查看命令打開并查看二進制日志。
mysql>?showbinary?logs;?????#顯示當前服務器使用的二進制文件及大小 +------------------+-----------+ |?Log_name?????????|?File_size?| +------------------+-----------+ |?mysql-bin.000001|?????13814?| |?mysql-bin.000002|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000003|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000004|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000005|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000006|???????126?| |?mysql-bin.000007|???????126?| |?mysql-bin.000008|???????126?| |?mysql-bin.000009|???????107?| |?mysql-bin.000010|???????353?| +------------------+-----------+ 10?rows?in?set?(0.07sec) mysql>?showmaster?logs;??????#顯示主服務器使用的二進制文件及大小 +------------------+-----------+ |?Log_name?????????|?File_size?| +------------------+-----------+ |?mysql-bin.000001|?????13814?| |?mysql-bin.000002|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000003|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000004|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000005|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000006|???????126?| |?mysql-bin.000007|???????126?| |?mysql-bin.000008|???????126?| |?mysql-bin.000009|???????107?| |?mysql-bin.000010|???????353?| +------------------+-----------+ 10?rows?in?set?(0.02sec) mysql>?showmaster?status;???#當前使用的二進制文件及所處位置 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |?File?????????????|?Position?|?Binlog_Do_DB?|Binlog_Ignore_DB?| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |?mysql-bin.000010|??????353?|??????????????|??????????????????| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00sec)
小擴展:二進制日志的記錄位置:通常為上一個事件執(zhí)行結束時間的位置,每一個日志文件本身也有自己的元數(shù)據(jù)所以說對于當前版本的mysql來說二進制的開始位置通常為107;
mysql>?flushlogs; Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.23?sec) 注意:flush?logs一般只會滾動中繼日志和二進制日志。 mysql>?showmaster?status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |?File?????????????|?Position?|?Binlog_Do_DB?|Binlog_Ignore_DB?| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |?mysql-bin.000011|??????107?|??????????????|??????????????????| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00sec)
查看當前二進制文件的信息:
mysql>?createdatabase?yong; Query?OK,?1?rowaffected?(0.12?sec) mysql>?createtable?yong.tb1?(id?int,name?char(20)); Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.44?sec) mysql>?insertinto?yong.tb1?values(1,'tom'); Query?OK,?1?rowaffected?(0.14?sec) mysql>?showmaster?status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |?File?????????????|?Position?|?Binlog_Do_DB?|Binlog_Ignore_DB?| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ |?mysql-bin.000011|??????479?|??????????????|??????????????????| +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.00sec)
查看二進制日志信息的命令:
SHOW?BINLOG?EVENTS[IN?'log_name']?[FROM?pos]?[LIMIT?[offset,]?row_count] mysql>?showbinlog?eventsG?????????#查看所有的二進制信息 ***************************87.?row?*************************** ???Log_name:?mysql-bin.000001 ????????Pos:?13580 ?Event_type:?Query ??Server_id:?1 End_log_pos:?13688 ???????Info:?use?`hellodb`;?/*!40000?ALTERTABLE?`toc`?DISABLE?KEYS?*/ ***************************88.?row?*************************** ???Log_name:?mysql-bin.000001 ????????Pos:?13688 ?Event_type:?Query ??Server_id:?1 End_log_pos:?13795 ???????Info:?use?`hellodb`;?/*!40000?ALTERTABLE?`toc`?ENABLE?KEYS?*/ ***************************89.?row?*************************** ???Log_name:?mysql-bin.000001 ????????Pos:?13795 ?Event_type:?Stop ??Server_id:?1 End_log_pos:?13814 ???????Info: 89?rows?in?set?(0.00sec) mysql>?showbinlog?events?in?'mysql-bin.000011';????#查看指定日志的二進制信息 +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ |?Log_name?????????|?Pos?|?Event_type??|?Server_id?|?End_log_pos?|?Info?????????????????????????????????????????| +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ |?mysql-bin.000011|???4?|?Format_desc?|?????????1?|?????????107?|?Server?ver:?5.5.33-log,?Binlogver:?4????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|107?|?Query???????|?????????1?|?????????190?|?create?database?yong?????????????????????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|190?|?Query???????|?????????1?|?????????293?|?create?table?yong.tb1?(idint,name?char(20))?| |?mysql-bin.000011?|293?|?Query???????|?????????1?|?????????357?|?BEGIN????????????????????????????????????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|357?|?Query???????|?????????1?|?????????452?|?insert?into?yong.tb1values(1,'tom')?????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|452?|?Xid?????????|?????????1?|?????????479?|?COMMIT?/*?xid=103?*/?????????????????????????| +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ 6?rows?in?set?(0.00sec) mysql>?showbinlog?events?in?'mysql-bin.000011'?from?190;?#從指定的事件位置開始 +------------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ |?Log_name?????????|?Pos?|?Event_type?|?Server_id?|End_log_pos?|?Info?????????????????????????????????????????| +------------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ |?mysql-bin.000011?|190?|?Query??????|?????????1?|?????????293?|?create?table?yong.tb1?(idint,name?char(20))?| |?mysql-bin.000011?|293?|?Query??????|?????????1?|?????????357?|?BEGIN????????????????????????????????????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|357?|?Query??????|?????????1?|?????????452?|?insert?into?yong.tb1values(1,'tom')?????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|452?|?Xid????????|?????????1?|?????????479?|?COMMIT?/*?xid=103?*/?????????????????????????| +------------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ 4?rows?in?set?(0.00sec) mysql>?showbinlog?events?in?'mysql-bin.000011'?from?190?limit?3;??#指定偏移量(不是語句,是事件) +------------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ |?Log_name?????????|?Pos?|?Event_type?|?Server_id?|End_log_pos?|?Info?????????????????????????????????????????| +------------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ |?mysql-bin.000011?|190?|?Query??????|?????????1?|?????????293?|?create?table?yong.tb1?(idint,name?char(20))?| |?mysql-bin.000011?|293?|?Query??????|?????????1?|?????????357?|?BEGIN????????????????????????????????????????| |?mysql-bin.000011?|357?|?Query??????|?????????1?|?????????452?|?insert?into?yong.tb1values(1,'tom')?????????| +------------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------+ 3?rows?in?set?(0.00sec)
命令行下查看二進制日志:
由于無法使用cat等方式直接打開并查看二進制日志;所以必須使用mysqlbinlog命令。但是當正在執(zhí)行mysql讀寫操作時建議不要使用此打開正在使用的二進制日志文件;若非要打開可flush logs。mysqlbinlog命令的使用方式:
[root@stu18?data]#mysqlbinlog?mysql-bin.000017????????#必須在數(shù)據(jù)目錄下 /*!50530?SET?@@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019?SET@@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003?SET@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER?/*!*/; #?at?4???????#事件開始處 #131009??0:25:59?server?id?1??end_log_pos?107???Start:?binlog?v?4,?server?v?5.5.33-log?created?131009??0:25:59? #?Warning:?thisbinlog?is?either?in?use?or?was?not?closed?properly. BINLOG?' FzJUUg8BAAAAZwAAAGsAAAABAAQANS41LjMzLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVAAEGggAAAAICAgCAA== '/*!*/; #?at?107 #131009??0:26:36?server?id?1??end_log_pos?192???Query???thread_id=12????exec_time=0?error_code=0?????#131009?0:26:36年月日的簡寫方式;end_log_pos事件結束處;thread_id=12?哪個會話線程創(chuàng)建的此語句;exec_time=0?執(zhí)行時長單位為秒;error_code=0?錯誤代碼0表示沒有 SET?TIMESTAMP=1381249596/*!*/;??????#預設信息(環(huán)境設定)
導出此數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息:
[root@stu18?data]#mysqlbinlog?mysql-bin.000017?>?/tmp/a.sql
導入此數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息:
[root@stu18?data]#mysql?<p><strong>刪除二進制日志信息:</strong></p><p>二進制日志會記錄大量的信息(其中包含一些無用的信息)。如果很長時間不清理二進制日志,將會浪費很多的磁盤空間。但是,刪除之后可能導致數(shù)據(jù)庫崩潰時無法進行恢復,所以若要刪除二進制日志首先將其和數(shù)據(jù)庫備份一份,其中也只能刪除備份前的二進制日志,新產生的日志信息不可刪(可以做即時點還原)。也不可在關閉mysql服務器之后直接刪除因為這樣可能會給數(shù)據(jù)庫帶來錯誤的。若非要刪除二進制日志需要做如下操作:導出備份數(shù)據(jù)庫和二進制日志文件進行壓縮歸檔存儲。刪除二進制文件的方法如下:</p><p><strong>1、刪除所有的二進制日志(不可效仿):</strong></p><p>使用RESET MASTER語句可以刪除所有的二進制日志。該語句的形式如下:</p><pre class="brush:sql;toolbar:false">mysql>?resetmaster;??????????? Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.17?sec) mysql>?showbinary?logs; +------------------+-----------+ |?Log_name?????????|?File_size?| +------------------+-----------+ |?mysql-bin.000001|???????107?| +------------------+-----------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.04sec)
解析:首先不建議在生產環(huán)境下使用此操作;刪除所有的二進制日志后,Mysql將會重新創(chuàng)建新的二進制日志。新二進制日志的編號從000001開始。
2、根據(jù)文件或時間點來刪除二進制日志:
語法形式:
mysql>?PURGE?{?BINARY?|?MASTER?}?LOGS?{TO?'log_name'?|?BEFORE?datetime_expr?}
其中TO’log_name’表示把這個文件之前的其他文件都刪除掉,也可使用BEFORE?datetime_expr指定把哪個時間之前的二進制文件刪除了。
mysql>?PURGEBINARY?LOGS?TO?'mysql-bin.000007'; Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.11?sec) mysql>?showbinary?logs; +------------------+-----------+ |?Log_name?????????|?File_size?| +------------------+-----------+ |?mysql-bin.000007|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000008|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000009|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000010|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000011|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000012|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000013|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000014|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000015|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000016|???????150?| |?mysql-bin.000017|???????483?| +------------------+-----------+ 11?rows?in?set?(0.04sec) [root@stu18?data]#cat?mysql-bin.index ./mysql-bin.000007 ./mysql-bin.000008 ./mysql-bin.000009 ./mysql-bin.000010 ./mysql-bin.000011 ./mysql-bin.000012 ./mysql-bin.000013 ./mysql-bin.000014 ./mysql-bin.000015 ./mysql-bin.000016 ./mysql-bin.000017
由此可以看出這種清理二進制日志文件的方式是非常合理的,不會導致數(shù)據(jù)庫的錯誤發(fā)生。
mysql>?PURGEBINARY?LOGS?BEFORE?'13-10-19?10:26:36';?#使用時間來刪除二進制日志 Query?OK,?0?rowsaffected?(0.05?sec)
到此關于二進制的知識就解析完了,其中若有錯誤不足之處請指出!謝謝!注意二進制日志和錯誤日志很重要重點學之!!
相關推薦:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-log.html
我們都很熟悉MySQL日志,本文主要介紹了MySQL日志設置及查看方法,需要的朋友可以……
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-log.html
本文主要為大家詳細介紹了MYSQL日志與備份還原問題,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的……
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-log.html
MySQL日志文件相信大家都有很多的了解,MySQL日志文件一般在:/var/log/mysqld.log,下面介紹如何修改MySQL日志文件……