Linux下如何查看使用YUMLinux過的包的安裝路徑呢？ 在搞清楚這個問題前，我們先來了解一下YUM。 YUM（全稱為 Yellow dog UpLinuxr, ModLinuxied）是一個在Fedora和RedHat以及centos中的Shell前端軟件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能夠從指定的服務器自動下載RPM包并且安裝，可以自動處理依賴性關系，并且一次安裝所有依賴的軟件包，避免了手動安裝的麻煩(尋找資源、下載；放到指定目錄安裝；處理依賴關系并下載依賴關系的包進行安裝)。所以用yum安裝，實質上是用RPM安裝，所以RPMLinux信息的指令都可用。
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如果使用RPM安裝了一些包，一般來說，RPM默認安裝路徑如下：
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|
? Directory |
Contents of Directory |
|
/etc |
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/usr/bin |
一些可執行文件 |
|
/usr/lib |
一些程序使用的動態函數庫 |
|
/usr/share/doc |
一些基本的軟件使用手冊與幫助文檔 |
|
/usr/share/man |
一些man page文件 |
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以MySQL的安裝為例，我們使用RPM方式安裝了MySQL的兩個包，其實rpm有兩個參數-l和-c可以幫助我們查看具體的安裝路徑。
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-l 顯示軟件包中的文件列表
-c 顯示配置文件列表
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那么我們可以使用“rpm -ql? 包名”來查看具體的安裝路徑。如下所示：
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[root@DB-Server?~]#?rpm?-qa?|?grep?-i?mysql MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5 MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5 [root@DB-Server?~]#?rpm?-ql?MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5 /usr/bin/msql2mysql /usr/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql_config_editor /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows /usr/bin/mysql_waitpid /usr/bin/mysqlaccess /usr/bin/mysqlaccess.conf /usr/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlcheck /usr/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin/mysqlimport /usr/bin/mysqlshow /usr/bin/mysqlslap /usr/share/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_config_editor.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_waitpid.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz ? ? [root@DB-Server?tmp]#?rpm?-ql?MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5 /etc/init.d/mysql /etc/logrotate.d/mysql /etc/my.cnf /usr/bin/innochecksum /usr/bin/my_print_defaults /usr/bin/myisam_ftdump /usr/bin/myisamchk /usr/bin/myisamlog /usr/bin/myisampack /usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format /usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions /usr/bin/mysql_install_db /usr/bin/mysql_plugin /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade /usr/bin/mysql_zap /usr/bin/mysqlbug /usr/bin/mysqld_multi /usr/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/bin/mysqldumpslow /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy /usr/bin/mysqltest .....................................................
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[root@DB-Server?~]#?rpm?-qc?MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5 /etc/logrotate.d/mysql /etc/my.cnf [root@DB-Server?~]#
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在MySQL的官方文檔，你可以看到RPM包所在的安裝目錄。我們使用rpm -ql 對比驗證了一下，基本都OK，但是很奇怪的是，在上面這個版本中，我沒有找到/etc/my.cnf，而是/usr/my.cnf
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MySQL 5.6
|
Directory |
Contents of Directory |
|
/usr/bin |
Client programs and scripts |
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/usr/sbin |
The mysqld?server |
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/var/lib/mysql |
Log files, databases |
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/var/lib/mysql-files |
Value of secure_file_priv |
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/usr/share/info |
MySQL manual in Info format |
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/usr/share/man |
Unix manual pages |
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/usr/include/mysql |
Include (header) files |
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/usr/lib/mysql |
Libraries |
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/usr/share/mysql |
Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation |
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/usr/share/sql-bench |
Benchmarks |
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MySQL 5.7
|
Files or Resources |
Location |
|
Client programs and scripts |
/usr/bin |
|
mysqld?server |
/usr/sbin |
|
Configuration file |
/etc/my.cnf |
|
Data directory |
/var/lib/mysql |
|
Error log file |
For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log |
|
Value of secure_file_priv |
/var/lib/mysql-files |
|
System V init script |
For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql |
|
Systemd service |
For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld For SLES: mysql |
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Pid file |
/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid |
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Socket |
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock |
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Keyring directory |
/var/lib/mysql-keyring |
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Unix manual pages |
/usr/share/man |
|
Include (header) files |
/usr/include/mysql |
|
Libraries |
/usr/lib/mysql |
|
Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files) |
/usr/share/mysql |
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另外一臺測試服務器，使用yum安裝了mysql-community-server-5.7.18，測試驗證發現又是正常。 暫時不清楚這個細節問題。
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