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linux下如何安裝oracle 11g數據庫？下面本篇文章給大家介紹一下linux下安裝和配置oracle 11g數據庫。有一定的參考價值，有需要的朋友可以參考一下，希望對大家有所幫助。

linux下如何安裝oracle 11g數據庫？

linux下命令行安裝oracle 11g數據庫

1、準備：

本次安裝的基本環境：vmware中安裝centos6.10（虛擬機安裝這里就不做介紹了）

虛擬機要求：內存推薦2G以上

需要下載Linux版本下對應的oracle安裝包：

下載地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

對應的oracle版本：

?????? linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

?????? linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

課程推薦：《linux課程》

2、機器基礎配置修改

（1）設置系統：Oracle只支持操作系統Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需將/etc/redhat-release中的內容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle?~]#?vi?/etc/redhat-release?? #CentOS?release?6.10?(Final) Red?Hat?Enterprise?Linux?6

（2）機器信息關閉，selinux，防火墻的不必要的服務

[root@Oracle?~]#?cat?/etc/selinux/config?????????????????????????//selinux關閉（disabled） #?This?file?controls?the?state?of?SELinux?on?the?system. #?SELINUX=?can?take?one?of?these?three?values: #?????enforcing?-?SELinux?security?policy?is?enforced. #?????permissive?-?SELinux?prints?warnings?instead?of?enforcing. #?????disabled?-?No?SELinux?policy?is?loaded. SELINUX=disabled #?SELINUXTYPE=?can?take?one?of?these?two?values: #?????targeted?-?Targeted?processes?are?protected, #?????mls?-?Multi?Level?Security?protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@Oracle?~]#?/etc/init.d/iptables?stop????????????????????????//防火墻關閉 [root@Oracle?~]#?vi?/etc/hosts 127.0.0.1???localhost?localhost.localdomain?localhost4?localhost4.localdomain4 ::1?????????localhost?localhost.localdomain?localhost6?localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.152.130???Oracle??????????????????????????//新增行：IP?機器名（這是我的ip和主機名）

（3）修改用戶的限制文件

[root@Oracle?~]#?cat?/etc/security/limits.conf????????????????//在該文件內添加以下內容 oracle???????????soft????nproc???????????2047 oracle???????????hard????nproc???????????16384 oracle???????????soft????nofile??????????1024 oracle???????????hard????nofile??????????65536 oracle???????????soft????stack???????????10240

（4）修改內核參數

[root@Oracle?~]#?cat?/etc/sysctl.conf		//在文件中添加以下內容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=?9000?65500? fs.file-max?=?6815744? kernel.shmall?=?10523004? kernel.shmmax?=?6465333657? kernel.shmmni?=?4096? kernel.sem?=?250?32000?100128? net.core.rmem_default=262144? net.core.wmem_default=262144? net.core.rmem_max=4194304? net.core.wmem_max=1048576? fs.aio-max-nr?=?1048576 [root@Oracle?~]#?sysctl?–p				//?執行這條語句使配置生效

（5）依賴包安裝

[root@Oracle?~]#?yum?-y?install?binutils?compat-libcap1?compat-libstdc++-33?compat-libstdc++-33*.i686?elfutils-libelf-devel?gcc?gcc-c++?glibc*.i686?glibc?glibc-devel?glibc-devel*.i686?ksh?libgcc*.i686?libgcc?libstdc++?libstdc++*.i686?libstdc++-devel?libstdc++-devel*.i686?libaio?libaio*.i686?libaio-devel?libaio-devel*.i686?make?sysstat?unixODBC?unixODBC*.i686?unixODBC-devel?unixODBC-devel*.i686?libXp

3、建立用戶、組，安裝目錄

（1）建立用戶、組

[root@Oracle?~]#?groupadd?oinstall [root@Oracle?~]#?groupadd?dba [root@Oracle?~]#?groupadd?oper [root@Oracle?~]#?useradd?-g?oinstall?-G?dba,oper?oracle [root@Oracle?~]#?echo?"oracle"?|?passwd?--stdin?oracle [root@Oracle?~]#?id?oracle		//查看用戶所屬組 uid=501(oracle)?gid=501(oinstall)?groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

（2）新建安裝目錄

[root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/var/app [root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/var/app/oracle [root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/var/app/oracle/product [root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 [root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle?~]#?mkdir?-p?/home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle?~]#?chown?-R?oracle:oinstall?/var/app [root@Oracle?~]#?chown?-R?oracle:oinstall?/home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle?~]#?chown?-R?oracle:oinstall?/home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle?~]#?chmod?-R?775?/var/app

（3）設置并刷新環境變量

[root@Oracle?~]#?cat?/home/oracle/.bash_profile???//給該文件添加以下內容 umask?022 export?ORACLE_BASE=/var/app export?ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export?ORACLE_SID=ora11g export?PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export?LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib [root@Oracle?~]#?source?/home/oracle/.bash_profile		//執行該句使配置生效

4、安裝Oracle

（1）拷貝Oracle安裝文件到指定目錄

[root@Oracle?~]#?cp?linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip?/var/app/oracle/

（2）切換到oracle用戶，解壓安裝包

[root@Oracle?~]#?su?-?oracle [oracle@Oracle?~]$?cd?/var/app/oracle/ [oracle@Oracle?oracle]$?unzip?linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [oracle@Oracle?oracle]$?unzip?linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解壓后得到database目錄，其中response目錄里面有三個rsp文件，用來作為靜默安裝時應答文件的模板。分別為：

[oracle@Oracle?response]$?ls?-l total?76 -rw-rw-r--?1?oracle?oinstall?44960?Aug??8?17:10?dbca.rsp??????//安裝應答 -rw-rw-r--?1?oracle?oinstall?22752?Aug??8?14:23?db_install.rsp??????//創建數據庫應答 -rwxrwxr-x?1?oracle?oinstall??5740?Feb?26??2009?netca.rsp?//建立監聽，本地服務名等網絡設置

（5）修改配置文件，安裝Oracle數據庫

[oracle@Oracle?database]$?cp?/var/app/oracle/database/response/?/home/oracle/???????????//備份

（6）修改后的靜默安裝配置文件db_install.rsp內容如下：

[root@db?response]#?cat?db_install.rsp?|?grep?-v?'^#'?|?grep?-v?'^$' oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=

（7）開始靜默安裝

[oracle@Oracle?database]$?cd?/var/app/oracle/database [oracle@Oracle?database]$?./runInstaller?-silent?-responseFile??/var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

（8）查看安裝進度

[oracle@Oracle?database]$?cd?/var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs [oracle@Oracle?logs]$?tail?-f?installActions*log

（9）當出現以下信息時

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To?execute?the?configuration?scripts: 	1.?Open?a?terminal?window 	2.?Log?in??as?"root" 	3.?Run?the?scripts 	4.?Return?to?this?window?and?hit?"Enter"?key?to?continue Successfully?Setup?Software.

打開新的客戶端使用root身份執行以下腳本

[root@Oracle?~]#?var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@Oracle?~]#?var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

（10）執行完上面的腳本后回到安裝界面按下Enter繼續。

5、配置Oracle監聽

（1）運行監聽文件

[oracle@Oracle?~]$?cd?/var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle?response]$?netca?/silent?/responsefile?/var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

運行成功之后，在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目錄下會生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora兩個文件

[oracle@Oracle?admin]$?ls listener.ora??samples??shrept.lst??sqlnet.ora??tnsnames.ora

執行以下命令查看監聽器是否已經在1521端口上開始工作了

[root@Oracle?~]#?netstat?-tlnp?|?grep?1521 tcp????????0??????0?:::1521?????????????????????:::*????????????????????????LISTEN??????1792/tnslsnr

如果監聽沒有啟動，則手動啟動監聽器

[oracle@Oracle?~]$?lsnrctl?start

（2）配置Oracle數據庫

[oracle@Oracle?response]$?pwd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle?response]$?vi?dbca.rsp GDBNAME?=?"orcl11.us.oracle.com"?????//78?行?全局數據庫的名字=SID+主機域名 SID="ora11g"????//149行?SID SYSPASSWORD?=?"oracle"????//190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD?=?"oracle"???//200行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"?//415行?編碼 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"?//425行?編碼

（3）創建數據庫

[oracle@Oracle?~]$??$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca?-silent?-responseFile??/var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、啟動數據庫

進入Oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@Oracle?~]$?sqlplus?/?as?sysdba SQL&gt;?startup ORA-01078:?failure?in?processing?system?parameters LRM-00109:?could?not?open?parameter?file?'/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

啟動時會出現以上錯誤，解決方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，將其復制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目錄下

[oracle@Oracle?admin]$?locate?init.ora???????????//定位尋找目標文件 /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526???????????????//目標文件 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora [oracle@Oracle?admin]$?cd?/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/ [oracle@Oracle?pfile]$?ls init.ora.78201817526 [oracle@Oracle?pfile]$?cp?init.ora.78201817526??/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ [oracle@Oracle?dbs]$?mv?init.ora.78201817526?initora11g.ora????//將目標文件改成所需文件名

進入到Oracle SQL命令行中，執行startup

[oracle@Oracle?~]$?sqlplus?/?as?sysdba SQL*Plus:?Release?11.2.0.1.0?Production?on?Fri?Aug?10?01:59:43?2018 Copyright?(c)?1982,?2009,?Oracle.??All?rights?reserved. Connected?to: Oracle?Database?11g?Enterprise?Edition?Release?11.2.0.1.0?-?64bit?Production With?the?Partitioning,?OLAP,?Data?Mining?and?Real?Application?Testing?options SQL&gt;?startup?????????????????????????????????????????//啟動數據庫實例 ORACLE?instance?started. Total?System?Global?Area??839282688?bytes Fixed?Size??????????????????2217992?bytes Variable?Size?????????????494929912?bytes Database?Buffers??????????339738624?bytes Redo?Buffers????????????????2396160?bytes Database?mounted. Database?opened.