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查看方法：1、用“df -h”命令；2、用“l(fā)sblk”命令；3、用“sudo lshw -class disk”命令；4、用“fdisk -l”命令；5、用“cat /proc/partitions”命令；6、用“l(fā)sscsi”命令。
本教程操作環(huán)境：Red Hat Enterprise linux 6.1系統(tǒng)、Dell G3電腦。
一臺電腦中可以安裝多塊硬盤，下面我們來研究下在Linux中如何查看所有硬盤信息。系統(tǒng)中添加了兩塊硬盤，第二塊沒有格式化也沒有掛載。
1、使用df
df命令是用來查看文件系統(tǒng)中硬盤的使用狀況的，也可以用來列出系統(tǒng)中掛載的硬盤，使用-h選項(xiàng)可以以人類可讀的格式輸出硬盤使用狀況：
~$?df?-h 文件系統(tǒng)????????容量??已用??可用?已用%?掛載點(diǎn) /dev/sda2????????55G??3.7G???49G????8%?/ udev????????????2.0G??4.0K??2.0G????1%?/dev tmpfs???????????394M??776K??394M????1%?/run none????????????5.0M?????0??5.0M????0%?/run/lock none????????????2.0G??220K??2.0G????1%?/run/shm /dev/sda1???????487M??3.3M??483M????1%?/boot/efi
df命令無法顯示未掛載的硬盤。
2、使用lsblk
lsblk命令是用來查看塊設(shè)備的：
$?lsblk? NAME???MAJ:MIN?RM???SIZE?RO?TYPE?MOUNTPOINT sda??????8:0????0????60G??0?disk? ├─sda1???8:1????0???487M??0?part?/boot/efi ├─sda2???8:2????0??55.5G??0?part?/ └─sda3???8:3????0?????4G??0?part?[SWAP] sdb??????8:16???0????50G??0?disk? sr0?????11:0????1??1024M??0?rom
不帶參數(shù)時(shí)會列出所有硬盤，根節(jié)點(diǎn)代表硬盤，二級節(jié)點(diǎn)代表磁盤上的分區(qū)。使用-d選項(xiàng)可以只列出硬盤，不列出分區(qū)信息。
3、使用lshw
lshw可以打印硬件的詳細(xì)信息：
$?sudo?lshw?-class?disk ??*-disk:0 ???????description:?SCSI?Disk ???????physical?id:?0.0.0 ???????bus?info:?scsi@32:0.0.0 ???????logical?name:?/dev/sda ???????size:?60GiB?(64GB) ???????capabilities:?gpt-1.00?partitioned?partitioned:gpt ???????configuration:?guid=ff481b67-ace2-47b9-a7e8-a50d4e6a6e55 ??*-disk:1 ???????description:?SCSI?Disk ???????physical?id:?0.1.0 ???????bus?info:?scsi@32:0.1.0 ???????logical?name:?/dev/sdb ???????size:?50GiB?(53GB) ??*-cdrom ???????description:?DVD-RAM?writer ???????physical?id:?0.0.0 ???????bus?info:?scsi@3:0.0.0 ???????logical?name:?/dev/cdrom ???????logical?name:?/dev/cdrw ???????logical?name:?/dev/dvd ???????logical?name:?/dev/dvdrw ???????logical?name:?/dev/sr0 ???????capabilities:?audio?cd-r?cd-rw?dvd?dvd-r?dvd-ram ???????configuration:?status=open
4、使用fdisk
fdisk是一個(gè)用來格式化硬盤、分區(qū)等的常用的分區(qū)表操縱工具，可以用來打印硬盤信息：
$?sudo?fdisk?-l WARNING:?GPT?(GUID?Partition?Table)?detected?on?'/dev/sda'!?The?util?fdisk?doesn't?support?GPT.?Use?gnu?Parted. Disk?/dev/sda:?64.4?GB,?64424509440?bytes 255?heads,?63?sectors/track,?7832?cylinders,?total?125829120?sectors Units?=?扇區(qū)?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes Disk?identifier:?0x00000000 ???設(shè)備?啟動(dòng)??????起點(diǎn)??????????終點(diǎn)?????塊數(shù)???Id??系統(tǒng) /dev/sda1???????????????1???125829119????62914559+??ee??GPT Disk?/dev/sdb:?53.7?GB,?53687091200?bytes 255?heads,?63?sectors/track,?6527?cylinders,?total?104857600?sectors Units?=?扇區(qū)?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes Disk?identifier:?0x00000000 Disk?/dev/sdb?doesn't?contain?a?valid?partition?table
fdisk工具不支持GPT分區(qū)表，可以使用GNU Parted即下面的parted工具替代。
5、使用/proc/partitions
通過查看/proc/partitions文件內(nèi)容可以查看當(dāng)前硬盤及分區(qū)的一些信息：
$?cat?/proc/partitions? major?minor??#blocks??name ???8????????0???62914560?sda ???8????????1?????498688?sda1 ???8????????2???58221568?sda2 ???8????????3????4192256?sda3 ???8???????16???52428800?sdb ??11????????0????1048575?sr0
6、使用lsscsi
lsscsi工具可以打印SCSI硬盤信息，這個(gè)工具在Ubuntu12.04中默認(rèn)沒有安裝，需要自行安裝：
$?lsscsi? [3:0:0:0]????cd/dvd??NECVMWar?VMware?SATA?CD01?1.00??/dev/sr0 [32:0:0:0]???disk????VMware,??VMware?Virtual?S?1.0???/dev/sda [32:0:1:0]???disk????VMware,??VMware?Virtual?S?1.0???/dev/sdb
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